Dr Frankel talks about Trigeminal Neuralgia and the positive effect he has seen cannabis have on patients dealing with it. Some feedback received by three recent patients is also included.
The use of CBD for schizophrenia is becoming more and more common. Studies from around the world are showing great promise and my own experience with these patients and modest doses of high ratio CBD:THC dosed extracts are working very well for many.
Here are a number of references:
| 1. | Cannabidiol exhibits anxiolytic but not antipsychotic property evaluated in the social interaction test. |
| Almeida V, Levin R, Peres FF, Niigaki ST, Calzavara MB, Zuardi AW, Hallak JE, Crippa JA, Abílio VC. | |
| Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2013 Mar 5;41:30-5. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.10.024. Epub 2012 Nov 2. | |
| PMID: 23127569 [PubMed – in process] | |
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| 2. | Medical use of cannabis. Cannabidiol: a new light for schizophrenia? |
| Deiana S. | |
| Drug Test Anal. 2013 Jan;5(1):46-51. doi: 10.1002/dta.1425. Epub 2012 Oct 25. | |
| PMID: 23109356 [PubMed – in process] | |
| Related citations |
| 3. | Cannabidiol enhances anandamide signaling and alleviates psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia. |
| Leweke FM, Piomelli D, Pahlisch F, Muhl D, Gerth CW, Hoyer C, Klosterkötter J, Hellmich M, Koethe D. | |
| Transl Psychiatry. 2012 Mar 20;2:e94. doi: 10.1038/tp.2012.15. | |
| PMID: 22832859 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE] Free PMC Article | |
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| 4. | A critical review of the antipsychotic effects of cannabidiol: 30 years of a translational investigation. |
| Zuardi AW, Crippa JA, Hallak JE, Bhattacharyya S, Atakan Z, Martin-Santos R, McGuire PK, Guimarães FS. | |
| Curr Pharm Des. 2012;18(32):5131-40. | |
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| 5. | The endocannabinoid system and schizophrenia: integration of evidence. |
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| Curr Pharm Des. 2012;18(32):4980-90. | |
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| 6. | Subjective and physiological effects of oromucosal sprays containing cannabinoids (nabiximols): potentials and limitations for psychosis research. |
| Schoedel KA, Harrison SJ. | |
| Curr Pharm Des. 2012;18(32):5008-14. | |
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| Related citations |
| 7. | Antipsychotic-like effects of cannabidiol and rimonabant: systematic review of animal and human studies. |
| Roser P, Haussleiter IS. | |
| Curr Pharm Des. 2012;18(32):5141-55. | |
| PMID: 22716153 [PubMed – in process] | |
| Related citations |
| 8. | Antipsychotic profile of cannabidiol and rimonabant in an animal model of emotional context processing in schizophrenia. |
| Levin R, Almeida V, Peres FF, Calzavara MB, da Silva ND, Suiama MA, Niigaki ST, Zuardi AW, Hallak JE, Crippa JA, Abílio VC. | |
| Curr Pharm Des. 2012;18(32):4960-5. | |
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| Related citations |
| 9. | Potential protective effects of cannabidiol on neuroanatomical alterations in cannabis users and psychosis: a critical review. |
| Hermann D, Schneider M. | |
| Curr Pharm Des. 2012;18(32):4897-905. | |
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| Related citations |
| 10. | Neural mechanisms for the cannabinoid modulation of cognition and affect in man: a critical review of neuroimaging studies. |
| Bhattacharyya S, Atakan Z, Martin-Santos R, Crippa JA, McGuire PK. | |
| Curr Pharm Des. 2012;18(32):5045-54. | |
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| 11. | The yin and yang of cannabis-induced psychosis: the actions of Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol in rodent models of schizophrenia. |
| Arnold JC, Boucher AA, Karl T. | |
| Curr Pharm Des. 2012;18(32):5113-30. | |
| PMID: 22716133 [PubMed – in process] | |
| Related citations |
| 12. | Cannabidiol for neurodegenerative disorders: important new clinical applications for this phytocannabinoid? |
| Fernández-Ruiz J, Sagredo O, Pazos MR, García C, Pertwee R, Mechoulam R, Martínez-Orgado J. | |
| Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2013 Feb;75(2):323-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04341.x. | |
| PMID: 22625422 [PubMed – in process] | |
| Related citations |
| 13. | Distinct neurobehavioural effects of cannabidiol in transmembrane domain neuregulin 1 mutant mice. |
| Long LE, Chesworth R, Huang XF, Wong A, Spiro A, McGregor IS, Arnold JC, Karl T. | |
| PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e34129. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034129. Epub 2012 Apr 3. | |
| PMID: 22509273 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE] Free PMC Article | |
| Related citations |
| 14. | Cannabidiol and clozapine reverse MK-801-induced deficits in social interaction and hyperactivity in Sprague-Dawley rats. |
| Gururajan A, Taylor DA, Malone DT. | |
| J Psychopharmacol. 2012 Oct;26(10):1317-32. doi: 10.1177/0269881112441865. Epub 2012 Apr 9. | |
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| Bostwick JM. | |
| Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Feb;87(2):172-86. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2011.10.003. Review. | |
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| Related citations |
| 16. | Induction of psychosis by Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol reflects modulation of prefrontal and striatal function during attentional salience processing. |
| Bhattacharyya S, Crippa JA, Allen P, Martin-Santos R, Borgwardt S, Fusar-Poli P, Rubia K, Kambeitz J, O’Carroll C, Seal ML, Giampietro V, Brammer M, Zuardi AW, Atakan Z, McGuire PK. | |
| Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2012 Jan;69(1):27-36. doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.161. | |
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| Related citations |
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| Heekeren K. | |
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| Related citations |
| 18. | Endocannabinoid system and psychiatry: in search of a neurobiological basis for detrimental and potential therapeutic effects. |
| Marco EM, García-Gutiérrez MS, Bermúdez-Silva FJ, Moreira FA, Guimarães F, Manzanares J, Viveros MP. | |
| Front Behav Neurosci. 2011;5:63. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2011.00063. Epub 2011 Oct 5. | |
| PMID: 22007164 [PubMed] Free PMC Article | |
| Related citations |
| 19. | Endocannabinoid system dysfunction in mood and related disorders. |
| Ashton CH, Moore PB. | |
| Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2011 Oct;124(4):250-61. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01687.x. Epub 2011 Mar 9. Review. | |
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| 20. | Association between a cannabinoid receptor gene (CNR1) polymorphism and cannabinoid-induced alterations of the auditory event-related P300 potential. |
| Stadelmann AM, Juckel G, Arning L, Gallinat J, Epplen JT, Roser P. | |
| Neurosci Lett. 2011 May 27;496(1):60-4. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.04.003. Epub 2011 Apr 12. | |
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| Related citations |
| 21. | Effect of cannabidiol in a MK-801-rodent model of aspects of schizophrenia. |
| Gururajan A, Taylor DA, Malone DT. | |
| Behav Brain Res. 2011 Sep 23;222(2):299-308. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.03.053. Epub 2011 Mar 31. | |
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| 22. | The interplay of cannabinoid and NMDA glutamate receptor systems in humans: preliminary evidence of interactive effects of cannabidiol and ketamine in healthy human subjects. |
| Hallak JE, Dursun SM, Bosi DC, de Macedo LR, Machado-de-Sousa JP, Abrão J, Crippa JA, McGuire P, Krystal JH, Baker GB, Zuardi AW. | |
| Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2011 Jan 15;35(1):198-202. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.11.002. Epub 2010 Nov 7. | |
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| 23. | [Therapeutical use of the cannabinoids in psychiatry]. |
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| Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2010 May;32 Suppl 1:S56-66. Review. Portuguese. | |
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| 24. | The endocannabinoid system and psychiatric disorders. |
| Parolaro D, Realini N, Vigano D, Guidali C, Rubino T. | |
| Exp Neurol. 2010 Jul;224(1):3-14. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.03.018. Epub 2010 Mar 29. Review. | |
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| Related citations |
| 25. | Performance of schizophrenic patients in the Stroop Color Word Test and electrodermal responsiveness after acute administration of cannabidiol (CBD). |
| Hallak JE, Machado-de-Sousa JP, Crippa JA, Sanches RF, Trzesniak C, Chaves C, Bernardo SA, Regalo SC, Zuardi AW. | |
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| Roser P, Vollenweider FX, Kawohl W. | |
| World J Biol Psychiatry. 2010 Mar;11(2 Pt 2):208-19. doi: 10.3109/15622970801908047. Review. | |
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| Related citations |
| 27. | A behavioural comparison of acute and chronic Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol in C57BL/6JArc mice. |
| Long LE, Chesworth R, Huang XF, McGregor IS, Arnold JC, Karl T. | |
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| 28. | Cannabidiol reverses the reduction in social interaction produced by low dose Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol in rats. |
| Malone DT, Jongejan D, Taylor DA. | |
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| 29. | Modulation of mediotemporal and ventrostriatal function in humans by Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol: a neural basis for the effects of Cannabis sativa on learning and psychosis. |
| Bhattacharyya S, Fusar-Poli P, Borgwardt S, Martin-Santos R, Nosarti C, O’Carroll C, Allen P, Seal ML, Fletcher PC, Crippa JA, Giampietro V, Mechelli A, Atakan Z, McGuire P. | |
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| Roser P, Gallinat J, Weinberg G, Juckel G, Gorynia I, Stadelmann AM. | |
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| 33. | Cannabis and schizophrenia: towards a cannabinoid hypothesis of schizophrenia. |
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| 34. | Effects of acute oral Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and standardized cannabis extract on the auditory P300 event-related potential in healthy volunteers. |
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| 35. | Effects of cannabidiol on schizophrenia-like symptoms in people who use cannabis. |
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| 36. | Acute effects of Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and standardized cannabis extract on the auditory evoked mismatch negativity. |
| Juckel G, Roser P, Nadulski T, Stadelmann AM, Gallinat J. | |
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